Triple bottom line sustainable constructionâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Triple Bottom Line Sustainable Construction? Answer: Presentation Triple primary concerns approach has advanced with an aim to enlarge the reason for utilizing manageability rehearses in the associations. Triple main concerns approach proposed a bookkeeping framework to quantify the natural and social elements of the hierarchical exhibition. The key conversation of the triple main concerns will lie along the conversation on the aftereffects of the interest with regards to the three elements of planet, individuals and the benefits. TBL bookkeeping rehearses have accumulated ground in a wide range of operational divisions which incorporate for benefit, non-benefit just as administrative segments. The edge work of TBL and the assessment of the casing work of the equivalent to evaluate the presentation in empowering manageable development makes up significant piece of the conversation. There is additionally conversation given to introduce the idea of TBL and its utilization for associations especially in the development space (Hall, 2011, p.4). Conversation: TBL is a system implied for managing the authoritative consistency and responsibility for manageability. It has significance in feasible development and the manageable improvement too. The components of TBL., Social, ecological and money related spaces will get coordinated in the system of TBL. TBL is frequently demonstrated with naming of three Ps, People, planet and benefits. Andrew Savitz (2013) demonstrated that TBL will chip away at gauge the hierarchical activity by estimating its effect on the individuals, benefit and the investors esteem too on the ecological impression of the tasks. TBL comprises in not simply characterizing the said measurements; rather it will endeavor to quantify the proposed measurements. Maintainability in development industry takes a shot at to incorporate different partners into the procedure. Extreme goal of manageability advancement in the development business will comprise in three principle angles, meeting the ecological difficulties, reacting to the social and social requests and conveying the financial improvement. At the point when all these TBL components are met, the association can be supposed to be working with manageability. A definitive destinations of the manageable development will be normally to convey long haul reasonableness, quality in the development work, proficiency in the development fill in too offering some benefit to the customers and the clients. In a similar situation, the feasible development is required to diminish the undesirable effects on nature. Every one of these endeavors are at long last expected to expand the monetary manageability. A thorough coordination of various partners like foundations who know about the dangers and ambiguities will give data and vital data to execute the targets and so on, all will work to acknowledge manageable development (Elkington, 1997, p.73). UNEP characterized practical development to have the accompanying attributes, Practical contemplations and enactments ought to have been taken in the development enactment and the norms utilized, Ecological issues would have been viewed as both in short and long haul development of the structures. Strategies and the motivating forces accessible from the legislature to advance the maintainable development would have been remembered for the development. All partners would have been educated regarding the supportability guidelines and they would have considered the equivalent in the development rehearses. Connection among TBL and practical development: Reasonable development takes a shot at to clarify how the utilization of economical practice enhancements are material to the development business (Singh, 2009, p.285). TBL will empower the practical development happening in the development to meet with the expansive goals of social advancement, improvement of the high and stable degrees of development and business, securing, upgrading the general public worth, utilizing the normal assets determinedly (Sitnikov,2013,P.2560). TBL will accentuates the three wide topics of the manageable development viz., condition, social and monetary responsibility. TBL stresses the center adjusted methodology of the manageable development (Henriques, 2013, P.2560). TBL proposes and controls the reasonable development to be inline with a fair methodology (Kibert, 2016). TBL importance in Sustainable turn of events: Maintainable advancement is characterized by different elements in various configurations. One of the mainstream meaning of a similar incorporate manageable improvement as a specific advancement process where in the present ages can meet their necessities without genuine trading off the limit of things to come ages to meet the goals. TBL is an adaptable apparatus to achieve reasonable advancement in the contemporary world. TBL empowered the extension of the show revealing framework to take into more elevated levels of social and natural execution viewpoints. TBL constantly will let the partners become some portion of the practical improvement activities of the associations. All the more explicitly, TBL will empower the top level association of the hierarchical administration in feasible advancement activities, it deals with to actualize the arrangement interests in the authoritative money related tasks, TBL empowers the projects to be created and executed by the premiums of the econo mical improvement rehearses, chips away at to sign the deliberate guidelines and encourages the authorization of the equivalent, Develops key standards managing reasonable turn of events. At last TBL will work a key job in announcing, utilizes the offices in empowering Global Reporting activities. Manageable advancement is a wide idea and will chip away at with any industry and association when all is said in done with having impedances with the earth, social and monetary viewpoints (Smith, 2011, p.75). Importance of TBL in economical development: Responsibility, quantifiability and benchmarking of the maintainability in the development business are empowered uniquely with the utilization of Triple primary concern approach in the development business. TBL will take a shot at to empower every one of these components of the development business (Singh, 2012, P.290). The 3 Ps proposed by TBL for the development business doesn't have a typical estimating unit and henceforth the estimation of the equivalent is a test but TBL empowered to quantify the equivalent (Pitt, 2009, p.210). TBL don't have basic measures proposed for figuring the overall ordering of various factors anyway still the structure proposed by TBL is very broad and it will have all the attributes required for various substances of the framework. TBL along these lines making the mind boggling estimating tasks empowered for the association, simultaneously the TBL will likewise flexible and is similarly material for both the of all shapes and sizes activities of the a ssociations similarly. The effect of the specific venture will be estimated independent of the locale chose, regardless of whether it is little or huge. TBL proposed a scope of financial measures, social measures and natural measures for the association and thus they empowered the authoritative maintainability estimation, benchmarking just as correlation. TBL has no normalized markers for its tasks, anyway still the pointers and the components of the TBL are progressively adaptable and can be altered for a scope of activities by and large. Regardless TBL is adaptable and can be applied for a scope of associations independent of their operational structures like govt, non-govt, benefit situated just as non-benefit arranged and so forth. Regardless the proposed standards of the association are progressively summed up and they do have abilities to meet the maintainability practice vision and mission. Comprehensively TBL will empower the maintainable development to think about the respo nsibility in the three expressed Ps system, measure the recommendations also will work to benchmark the movement in the three Ps framework(Bal,2013,P.697). Reasonable announcing (Goel, 2010) of a worldwide organization utilizing - Global revealing activities: Association: Bechtel is a global development organization submitted for feasible turn of events and the association is headquartered in California. The GRI of the organization is assessed and introduced in the present report (Bechtel. n.d). Hierarchical system: Bechtel is deliberately dedicated to help its clients conveying its guarantee and then some. Bechtel deals with to support the premises and will moderate all the assets, takes a shot at to help the neighborhood networks and furthermore is instrumental in making of the new openings and improve the economies. Another key vital component of theorganization is the way that it isn't persuaded to be the biggest EPC somewhat resolved to be the best. Average contemplations of the organization comprise in envisioning the patterns, adjusting our mastery to the client needs and change the hierarchical conveyance and the structure progress and kicking off something new and benchmarks in each movement Bechtel embrace. Authoritative Profile: Bechtel activities are crossed in around 160 nations worldwide starting at now. AS of most recent insights the organization incomes are more than $38 billion every year. All out representative quality of the organization is around 58,000. Complete number of the ventures the organization worked till ongoing years is more than 25,000. Announcing boundaries: G4 GRI is utilized in the report delivered by the association. Detailed boundaries in the report incorporate absolute recordable occurrence rates (TRIR) in the security space, all out number of episodes and correlation with the past information, Total lost time occurrence rate (LTIR), different boundaries in this area incorporate safe work hours. In social space, assorted variety boundaries are accounted for in the manageability announcing of Bechtel, the new sections consideration rate made up a portion of the revealed components of the organization. The

Create A Classic Detective Story Essay

In this task I will break down the exemplary Sherlock Holmes criminologist story the â€Å"Speckled Band† and discover how sir Conan Doyle takes a fundamental thought from every single analyst story, a murder and still make a great story. First off an investigator story needs a homicide and for this situation it was the passing of Sarah stoner that begins the story off, however no demise in any investigator story would be finished without a puzzling passing and the way Sarah kicked the bucket was a secret. What's more, I believe that most criminologist stories utilize strange passings since this makes the story all the more fascinating and increasingly captivating in such a case that the demise was straight forward then the peruser may have the option to anticipate the closure of the story before really perusing the finish of the story. This story additionally has its decent amounts of puzzling characters for example Helen Stoner, who is Sarah stoners sister is as baffling as they get, similar to when she initially met Sherlock she was wearing dark garments like she just originated from a burial service. In any case, why utilize baffling characters? Since it is these characters that keep the peruser speculating with respect to who the suspects might be and in some cases the essayist can utilize this as a favorable position to make an immense contort toward the finish of the story. The story portrays the environment too such on account of Sarah’s passing the climate was depicted as dull, puzzling sounds and so on and this is imperative to utilize portrayals of specific airs and areas since they will enable the peruser to make a kind of image of the scene in their minds hence making them need to peruse more since it encourages them get progressively engaged with the story †and furthermore makes them consider what’s going to occur straightaway. The area of the story is additionally significant and in this story the majority of the strain is made in the chateau of Helen stoner, which is possessed by Dr Roylott. What's more, in this house are various bogus intimations, for example, in the room of Sarah stoner there’s a crisis chime that don’t work, her bed rushed to the ground, no windows and a ventilator that goes straight in to Dr Roylotts room. In any case, the greatest bogus piece of information to me was simply the title the â€Å"Speckled Band† and it was unadulterated virtuoso for Conan Doyle to utilize a title like this since certain individuals read the story absolutely to straighten something up to discover what the spotted band was. So by utilizing puzzling passings, strange characters, airs, areas and bogus signs the author can attract the peruser the story, utilize pressure to make inquiries in the psyche of the peruser however it additionally enables the essayist to remain 5 strides ahead to make a great investigator story.

Land the Job with an Effective Cover Letter

Land the Job with an Effective Cover Letter EP 46: Land the Job with an Effective Cover Letter EP 46: Land the Job with an Effective Cover Letter You may wonder if you should write a cover letter for a job you are applying for. Maybe the job advertisement does not ask for a cover letter. Think of it this way, chances are, if you have to ask the question, ‘should I write a cover letter?’ The answer is yes! Join Cath Anne on Episode 46 of The Homework Help Show as she discusses how to write an effective cover letter. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne and I am the weekly host of Homework Help Globals The Homework Help Show. Here on the show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Lets jump in. Cath Anne: [00:00:25] You may wonder if you should write a cover letter for a job that youre applying for. Maybe the job advertisement doesnt specifically request a cover letter. Think about it this way. Chances are if you have to ask Should I write a cover letter for this job. The answer is yes. The cover letter is the best way to show your employer or your future employer that you are the best candidate for the position. If you write a cover letter it may mean the difference between getting the job and having your resume relegated to the bottom of a pile of discarded resumes. It makes sense to create a standard resume and then kind of modify it for each different job that you are applying to. Last week on episode 45 we discussed a six step process that you can use to build your own resume. I would recommend that you check that out and then come back to this episode so that you can kind of have the resume and cover letter package you know. This week lets talk about everything you n eed to know about writing a cover letter. So what is a cover letter. It is important to know the purpose of a cover letter a cover letter is a one page letter that you sent along with your resume so that your employer or your future employer can get to know you a little bit in your cover letter you discuss your experiences and your skills and how they might tie in to your future job. In the letter you discuss why you are the most qualified person for the position that theyre hiring for. Do not repeat everything that is on your resume. Think about a cover letter as a chance to make a link between your specific skills and how they connect to the job that youll apply for. Think of your cover letter as a sales pitch that will help you get the interview. Remember a cover letter is a great way to make an excellent first impression. Employers often use cover letters to determine which candidates they will bring in for an interview and which ones they will pass. If the employer requires a c over letter they will list it on the application even if it is not listed. Consider including a cover letter this will show that you have put some extra effort into your application. So there are three different types of cover letters. The first type is the application letter which responds to a hiring advertisement. This is the one that you will use most commonly if youre applying to an open position with a company. The prospecting letter is the second type and this inquires about possible positions so you might use this in a situation where you are writing to a company to see if they have any work available. Finally there is a networking letter which requests information so that you can ease into your job search. So when you are applying for a job you will be using the application letter style. As I mentioned a cover letter should always compliment and not just replicate your resume. Cath Anne: [00:03:41] The cover letters purpose is to add a personal touch your application for employment again. Check out episode 45. For more on how to write your resume and then move on to this episode and write your cover letter a cover letter creates a critical first impression with a potential employer or even something like a small typo can have your application sent to the bottom of the pile. On the other hand if you write your cover letter perfectly without any typos at all but it lacks character and it makes no mention of the company the hiring manager will also be likely to reject it. So its all about the balance. The best cover letters explain why you are the right person for the job. Why youre interested in the job and makes a direct link between your specific skills and how they will apply to a future employment opportunity. Start by carefully reading the job description and evaluating the skills that they are required and match them with the skills of your own. Think about how youve use your skills in the past and discuss how you would apply them in your new position. A good idea is to think about how you use your skills and not just what your skills are essentially youre demonstrating to a potential employer that you have experience and that you know how to use your skills. First lets talk about what to leave off of your cover letter. Theres no need to include a lot of personal information although you want to show some of your personality. You dont necessarily need to share intimate details of your life. Do not mention the qualifications that you do not have. Rather focus on the Daniels that you do possess do not mention salary unless the company asks specifics about what your salary expectations are. And finally the cover letter is not an opportunity to ask more questions about the job position. Save that for the interview. Keep your letter to about two or three paragraphs and dont write too much. Make sure you are being very focused. If you do write too much it could have a negative effect and the hiring manager may not have time to read it. Remember detail your cover letter to each position you apply for. Make sure you always change the company and the name of the position at least in your cover letter and make sure that is geared toward the job description. There are a few things that each cover letter should include should include information about the job youre applying for how you heard about the job so you may want to mention if you have any contacts at the company why youre qualified for the job. What you can provide to the employer and then finally make sure you always provide a thank you for the company consider in application. Now lets move on to what you should include in your cover letter. Before you get started. I would highly recommend going online and doing a bit of searching around cover letter templates and cover letters that already exist. This will give you a good idea of what a cover letter looks l ike and how it is broken down into a variety of different paragraphs to begin here. Cover letter you will want to begin with a header. This will include both you and the potential employers information. So you want to include your name your address your phone number as well as your email address and then that will be followed by the date. Usually this will be on the left hand side of the page similar to a business letter. Youll then want to consider the salutation. Begin the cover letter with a salutation like Dr. Mr. Mrs. and then the persons last name. If you are unfamiliar with the gender of the person who will be doing the hiring you can just write their full name and if you dont know the employers name or the hiring managers name you can just write Dear hiring manager. This is a lot better than the generic and formal to whom this may concern begin with an introduction. Cath Anne: [00:07:55] Begin your introduction by stating what job youre applying for and where you heard about the job. Perhaps it was on career beacon or indeed dot com and youll also want to mention if you heard about the job from someone who already works there that is a great neck networking opportunity. Briefly mentioned your skills and how they match with the company. This will give the employer an opportunity to understand why you are writing the letter and why you might be a good fit. Essentially the idea with the introduction is that you want the hiring manager to keep reading so they can learn a little bit more about you in the body paragraph. Youll explain why youre interested in the job and the specific qualifications that you can bring to the table. Mention specifics and discuss how you have applied your skills in the past and you might even want to discuss a few different scenarios. Finally in the closing portion of your cover letter restate how your skills have made y ou a strong fit for this company and this position. If you have room you might want to discuss why you are interested in working for this particular company. However make sure you do not make your cover letter too long. It should not be longer than a page. So if some of this information is making it go longer than a page. Make sure you edit it and keep it limited to one page states that you would like the opportunity to follow up with them into it. In an interview or to discuss employment opportunities then you should always include a piece of follow up information. Cath Anne: [00:09:34] So whether you say Im going to call you in two weeks to follow up on this or suggest that you will be sending an e-mail to see where they are in the hiring process give a timeframe and follow through on it. Make sure that you then thank the employer for the consideration and for taking the time to look at your resume. Cath Anne: [00:09:55] Finally youll want to include a professional signature include a complimentary clothes and then sign your name. If it is a physical copy you can type your name and then sign underneath. This looks very professional. However if it is an email you can just type your name at the bottom end of the email and then include your contact information below. When you have finished writing your cover letter. Always always always remember to edit and proofread it. Make sure that there are no typos involved and you may even want to run it through a grammar checker. Always give a pair of second eyes like a friend or family member so that they can look through your cover letter and resume to make sure that you havent made any errors and that it flows the way you want it to. Cath Anne: [00:10:47] Remember you can always connect with us here at Homework Help Global. Wed be more than happy to give you some support around writing an excellent cover letter or just doing a bit of proofreading for you in some. Think of your strongest skills and how they apply to the job posting tailor each cover letter to each different job youre applying to show some character and personality but dont share too much information. Tell the hiring manager how your qualifications fit in with the job description. Be professional and confident. Cath Anne: [00:11:23] Okay thats it for me this week you guys. I hope this episode was of benefit as always if you have any questions jump in the comments down below. We always love to hear from you. If you do want to connect with us on any of our social media platforms or check out any of our other content Oliver information is in the description box below. If you enjoyed this video please give it a thumbs up and make sure to subscribe to our channel so you dont miss out on any of our other content. Okay thanks so much guys. Good luck applying for those jobs. All the best. Take care. Land the Job with an Effective Cover Letter EP 46: Land the Job with an Effective Cover Letter EP 46: Land the Job with an Effective Cover Letter You may wonder if you should write a cover letter for a job you are applying for. Maybe the job advertisement does not ask for a cover letter. Think of it this way, chances are, if you have to ask the question, ‘should I write a cover letter?’ The answer is yes! Join Cath Anne on Episode 46 of The Homework Help Show as she discusses how to write an effective cover letter. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne and I am the weekly host of Homework Help Globals The Homework Help Show. Here on the show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Lets jump in. Cath Anne: [00:00:25] You may wonder if you should write a cover letter for a job that youre applying for. Maybe the job advertisement doesnt specifically request a cover letter. Think about it this way. Chances are if you have to ask Should I write a cover letter for this job. The answer is yes. The cover letter is the best way to show your employer or your future employer that you are the best candidate for the position. If you write a cover letter it may mean the difference between getting the job and having your resume relegated to the bottom of a pile of discarded resumes. It makes sense to create a standard resume and then kind of modify it for each different job that you are applying to. Last week on episode 45 we discussed a six step process that you can use to build your own resume. I would recommend that you check that out and then come back to this episode so that you can kind of have the resume and cover letter package you know. This week lets talk about everything you n eed to know about writing a cover letter. So what is a cover letter. It is important to know the purpose of a cover letter a cover letter is a one page letter that you sent along with your resume so that your employer or your future employer can get to know you a little bit in your cover letter you discuss your experiences and your skills and how they might tie in to your future job. In the letter you discuss why you are the most qualified person for the position that theyre hiring for. Do not repeat everything that is on your resume. Think about a cover letter as a chance to make a link between your specific skills and how they connect to the job that youll apply for. Think of your cover letter as a sales pitch that will help you get the interview. Remember a cover letter is a great way to make an excellent first impression. Employers often use cover letters to determine which candidates they will bring in for an interview and which ones they will pass. If the employer requires a c over letter they will list it on the application even if it is not listed. Consider including a cover letter this will show that you have put some extra effort into your application. So there are three different types of cover letters. The first type is the application letter which responds to a hiring advertisement. This is the one that you will use most commonly if youre applying to an open position with a company. The prospecting letter is the second type and this inquires about possible positions so you might use this in a situation where you are writing to a company to see if they have any work available. Finally there is a networking letter which requests information so that you can ease into your job search. So when you are applying for a job you will be using the application letter style. As I mentioned a cover letter should always compliment and not just replicate your resume. Cath Anne: [00:03:41] The cover letters purpose is to add a personal touch your application for employment again. Check out episode 45. For more on how to write your resume and then move on to this episode and write your cover letter a cover letter creates a critical first impression with a potential employer or even something like a small typo can have your application sent to the bottom of the pile. On the other hand if you write your cover letter perfectly without any typos at all but it lacks character and it makes no mention of the company the hiring manager will also be likely to reject it. So its all about the balance. The best cover letters explain why you are the right person for the job. Why youre interested in the job and makes a direct link between your specific skills and how they will apply to a future employment opportunity. Start by carefully reading the job description and evaluating the skills that they are required and match them with the skills of your own. Think about how youve use your skills in the past and discuss how you would apply them in your new position. A good idea is to think about how you use your skills and not just what your skills are essentially youre demonstrating to a potential employer that you have experience and that you know how to use your skills. First lets talk about what to leave off of your cover letter. Theres no need to include a lot of personal information although you want to show some of your personality. You dont necessarily need to share intimate details of your life. Do not mention the qualifications that you do not have. Rather focus on the Daniels that you do possess do not mention salary unless the company asks specifics about what your salary expectations are. And finally the cover letter is not an opportunity to ask more questions about the job position. Save that for the interview. Keep your letter to about two or three paragraphs and dont write too much. Make sure you are being very focused. If you do write too much it could have a negative effect and the hiring manager may not have time to read it. Remember detail your cover letter to each position you apply for. Make sure you always change the company and the name of the position at least in your cover letter and make sure that is geared toward the job description. There are a few things that each cover letter should include should include information about the job youre applying for how you heard about the job so you may want to mention if you have any contacts at the company why youre qualified for the job. What you can provide to the employer and then finally make sure you always provide a thank you for the company consider in application. Now lets move on to what you should include in your cover letter. Before you get started. I would highly recommend going online and doing a bit of searching around cover letter templates and cover letters that already exist. This will give you a good idea of what a cover letter looks l ike and how it is broken down into a variety of different paragraphs to begin here. Cover letter you will want to begin with a header. This will include both you and the potential employers information. So you want to include your name your address your phone number as well as your email address and then that will be followed by the date. Usually this will be on the left hand side of the page similar to a business letter. Youll then want to consider the salutation. Begin the cover letter with a salutation like Dr. Mr. Mrs. and then the persons last name. If you are unfamiliar with the gender of the person who will be doing the hiring you can just write their full name and if you dont know the employers name or the hiring managers name you can just write Dear hiring manager. This is a lot better than the generic and formal to whom this may concern begin with an introduction. Cath Anne: [00:07:55] Begin your introduction by stating what job youre applying for and where you heard about the job. Perhaps it was on career beacon or indeed dot com and youll also want to mention if you heard about the job from someone who already works there that is a great neck networking opportunity. Briefly mentioned your skills and how they match with the company. This will give the employer an opportunity to understand why you are writing the letter and why you might be a good fit. Essentially the idea with the introduction is that you want the hiring manager to keep reading so they can learn a little bit more about you in the body paragraph. Youll explain why youre interested in the job and the specific qualifications that you can bring to the table. Mention specifics and discuss how you have applied your skills in the past and you might even want to discuss a few different scenarios. Finally in the closing portion of your cover letter restate how your skills have made y ou a strong fit for this company and this position. If you have room you might want to discuss why you are interested in working for this particular company. However make sure you do not make your cover letter too long. It should not be longer than a page. So if some of this information is making it go longer than a page. Make sure you edit it and keep it limited to one page states that you would like the opportunity to follow up with them into it. In an interview or to discuss employment opportunities then you should always include a piece of follow up information. Cath Anne: [00:09:34] So whether you say Im going to call you in two weeks to follow up on this or suggest that you will be sending an e-mail to see where they are in the hiring process give a timeframe and follow through on it. Make sure that you then thank the employer for the consideration and for taking the time to look at your resume. Cath Anne: [00:09:55] Finally youll want to include a professional signature include a complimentary clothes and then sign your name. If it is a physical copy you can type your name and then sign underneath. This looks very professional. However if it is an email you can just type your name at the bottom end of the email and then include your contact information below. When you have finished writing your cover letter. Always always always remember to edit and proofread it. Make sure that there are no typos involved and you may even want to run it through a grammar checker. Always give a pair of second eyes like a friend or family member so that they can look through your cover letter and resume to make sure that you havent made any errors and that it flows the way you want it to. Cath Anne: [00:10:47] Remember you can always connect with us here at Homework Help Global. Wed be more than happy to give you some support around writing an excellent cover letter or just doing a bit of proofreading for you in some. Think of your strongest skills and how they apply to the job posting tailor each cover letter to each different job youre applying to show some character and personality but dont share too much information. Tell the hiring manager how your qualifications fit in with the job description. Be professional and confident. Cath Anne: [00:11:23] Okay thats it for me this week you guys. I hope this episode was of benefit as always if you have any questions jump in the comments down below. We always love to hear from you. If you do want to connect with us on any of our social media platforms or check out any of our other content Oliver information is in the description box below. If you enjoyed this video please give it a thumbs up and make sure to subscribe to our channel so you dont miss out on any of our other content. Okay thanks so much guys. Good luck applying for those jobs. All the best. Take care.

The Factorial (!) in Mathematics and Statistics

In mathematics, symbols that have certain meanings in the English language can mean very specialized and different things. For example, consider the following expression: 3! No, we did not use the exclamation point to show that we’re excited about three, and we shouldn’t read the last sentence with emphasis. In mathematics, the expression 3! is read as three factorial and is really a shorthand way to denote the multiplication of several consecutive whole numbers. Since there are many places throughout mathematics and statistics where we need to multiply numbers together, the factorial is quite useful. Some of the main places where it shows up are combinatorics and probability calculus. Definition The definition of the factorial is that for any positive whole number n, the factorial: n! n x (n -1) x (n - 2) x . . . x 2 x 1 Examples for Small Values First we will look at a few examples of the factorial with small values of n: 1! 12! 2 x 1 23! 3 x 2 x 1 64! 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 245! 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 1206! 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 7207! 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 50408! 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 403209! 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 36288010! 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 3628800 As we can see the factorial gets very large very quickly. Something that may seem small, such as 20! actually has 19 digits. Factorials are easy to compute, but they can be somewhat tedious to calculate. Fortunately, many calculators have a factorial key (look for the ! symbol). This function of the calculator will automate the multiplications. A Special Case One other value of the factorial  and one for which the standard definition above does not hold is that of zero factorial. If we follow the formula, then we would not arrive at any value for 0!. There are no positive whole numbers less than 0. For several reasons, it is appropriate to define 0! 1. The factorial for this value shows up particularly in the formulas for combinations and permutations. More Advanced Calculations When dealing with calculations, it is important to think before we press the factorial key on our calculator. To calculate an expression such as 100!/98! there are a couple of different ways of going about this. One way is to use a calculator to find both 100! and 98!, then divide one by the other. Although this is a direct way to calculate, it has some difficulties associated with it. Some calculators cannot handle expressions as large as 100! 9.33262154 x 10157. (The expression 10157 is a scientific notation that means that we multiply by 1 followed by 157 zeros.) Not only is this number massive, but it is also only an estimate to the real value of 100! Another way to simplify an expression with factorials like the one seen here does not require a calculator at all. The way to approach this problem is to recognize that we can rewrite 100! not as 100 x 99 x 98 x 97 x . . . x 2 x 1, but instead as 100 x 99 x 98! The expression 100!/98! now becomes (100 x 99 x 98!)/98! 100 x 99 9900.

Notes from Underground Binding Limits Essay - 1521 Words

In Dostoyevsky’s Notes from Underground, the underground man struggles between two beliefs. The first acknowledges that his fictional existence is predetermined, subject to his author’s conduct. The second opposes that, insisting the underground man can only live in an undetermined world that extols free will, situating it within the human. For a remedy, the underground man turns to writing, hoping to probe into this duality and to not reject any truth that comes forth, horrifying or not. Through this, he understands that his self awareness gives him no control he has over his actions. Even though he doesn’t possess it, the underground man continues to believe in free will. The reader’s acknowledged on the book’s final page when the†¦show more content†¦Moreover, to believe two times two is four and that the outcome of four is unchangeable within the distance future, is something that the Underground man refutes. For one’s life to h ave meaning and validity, actions must be understood as non-robotic; an answer to this question must not only be unknown, but more importantly, undecided. He then goes on to say that â€Å"consciousness, for example, is infinitely higher than two times two† (pg 33). As we continue to read, the underground man’s consciousness which desires to rid itself from the notion of determinism produces an ironic situation. As readers, we understand through words and upcoming chapters, his story has already been decided. The underground man can not make conscious decisions because the author has already done so: the underground man is crafted solely from the author’s literary experience. This revelation marks the shift from part one of the book to part two. In part two the underground man writes about his past (20 years ago) as an experiment designed to gain understanding about his true nature and the logic that governs it. His hope is to realize where his path took a wrong turn and what, if anything, can be learned from it. In â€Å"Apropos of the Wet Snow,† the underground man describes his time spent reading as an attempt toShow MoreRelatedSelecting An Real Estate Agent Essay1919 Words   |  8 Pagesavoid getting into a legal or financial tangle during the transaction. Selecting an Real Estate Agent You need to select an agent to service you. Find one who is familiar with the location and type of property you have in mind. Make sure the agent is from a Listed Housing Agency and also a member of the Institute of Estate Agents (IEA). Discuss your requirements with him and be specific. This will allow him to advise and service you in a professional manner. Ownership Always ensure that the seller isRead MoreOrgan Trafficking Law2609 Words   |  11 Pagesinternational organ trade has been recognized as a significant health policy issue in the international community. 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Comparison of Pride and Prejudice with Sense and Sensibility Free Essays

The poem â€Å"Pied Beauty† was written by Hopkins in 1877 and the â€Å"Ode to Autumn† was penned down by Keats in 1820. These poems appreciate all the aspects and diversity of Nature positively leading to the praise of God. In Pied Beauty, this praise of the Creator is vivid and apparent as the poet magnanimously asserts: â€Å"He fathers-forth whose beauty is past change: Praise him. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Pride and Prejudice with Sense and Sensibility or any similar topic only for you Order Now † However, in Ode to Autumn the praise is subtly highlighted through the description of exuberant bounties of Autumn. The overarching theme of â€Å"beauty beyond appearance† is witnessed in both the poetic works mentioned above. In â€Å"Pied Beauty† this theme encapsulates the idea that perfection of things lies behind their appearance. The poet accentuates the fact that the spirit and energy beyond the appearance is to be appreciated. Thereby, a metaphysical streak echoes throughout, emphasizing the true essence of the word, â€Å"beauty†. Similarly, this theme is observed in â€Å"Ode to Autumn† connoting that the season Autumn has its own beauty like other seasons. Generally, Autumn is associated with old age or the end of life but Keats has creatively portrayed it as a season of â€Å"mellow fruitfulness†, thus, denoting the beauty of Autumn afar from its appearance. He has artistically projected an implied meaning to the poem by illustrating that autumn is the time of life where everything eventually leads to its completion or to have acquired the ultimate m otive of life. The crux of Ode to Autumn is to symbolize the uncertainties of life the Universe is so prone. However, in Pied Beauty, a synonymous thought is presented in the subtle descriptions of Nature that juxtapose the opposites to underline the notion that life is unpredictable , non-static and full of ambiguities. Hopkins asserts: â€Å"And all the trades,their gear tackle trim. Whatever is ficke, freckled,(who knows how?) With swift, slow; sweet, sour;adazzle,dim; He fathers-forth whose beauty is past change† Here, the poet stresses on the diverse nature of the life on Universe that everything is in a flux. The only thing constant is change and therefore, in Ode to Autumn we notice that autumn has arrived and we should appreciate the various shades of Nature it offers because they are momentary. Consequently, the beauty and speciality of everything present should be appreciated. It is because every atom and molecule on earth gifts us with some meaning and purpose in life. Another eminent theme is of â€Å"Nature†. In â€Å"Pied Beauty† numerous aspects of Nature are delineated using compound words. Hopkins appreciates that â€Å"Glory be to God for dappled things†, â€Å"skies of couple-colours† the â€Å"rose-moles† on the trout, the â€Å"Fresh-firecoal chestnut-falls; finches’ wings† and also the â€Å"Landscape plotted and pieced -fold,fallow plough†. The poet is praisng God for everything that he has created and also for the sublime energies that Nature encapsulates beyond its physical appearance. Furthermore, this theme of Nature is also evident in â€Å"Ode to Autumn†. This ode is pregnant with admiration for different activities that take place in autumn. Keats enumerates that it is a â€Å"season of mists and mellow fruitfulness†, â€Å"load and bless with fruits the vines that round the thatch-eves run†, â€Å"fill all fruits with ripeness to the core†, †Å"swell the gourd and plump the hazel shells with sweet kernel†,†barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day†, â€Å"lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn† and the â€Å"Hedge-cricket sing†. All these descriptions stimulate our senses and lend a beautiful cinematographic element to the poem. Analogous to Hopkins, Keats also implies the stylistic device of compound words. However, the contrast lies in the fact that Keats uses compound words to make his poetry sensual whereas, Hopkins employs compound words to give different things a set shape and pattern. This is called instress and inscape technique that Hopkins uses. For example, he says â€Å"For skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow†. Here he is characterizing the sky’s colour and accentuating the inter relation and harmony of Nature. Like the brinded cow the sky is also spotted and patchy as the blue sky and white clouds are â€Å"coupled† together. The creative amalgamation of sky with creations on earth reflects the poet’s love of nature to a commendable degree. On the contrary, Keats utilizes compound words to give a corporeal effect. For instance, he calls autum the â€Å"bosom-friend of the maturing Sun† and also he asserts â€Å"half-reap’d furrow†, â€Å"bloo m the soft-dying day† and â€Å"full-grown lambs†. All these examples stir the senses. Animal and bird imagery have also been incorporated in these poems. Hopkins uses the image of the â€Å"brinded cow† to make the colour and pattern of the sky tangible, and also uses the image of a trout with rose-moles and the finches’ wings to signify the variety and diversity of Nature. Nonetheless, Keats uses the images of the â€Å"swallow† singing, â€Å"lambs† bleating , â€Å"hedge-cricket† singing and the red-breast,†garden-crofet† whistling to indicate that autumn has a life and activity of its own which must be appreciated instead waiting for other seasons to come. Alliteration in the â€Å"Pied Beauty† is used to heighten the auditory effect of the poem. It is said about Hopkins that â€Å"his poetry should not be read with eyes but ears† (Bridges). The alliteartion used in the compound word â€Å"couple-clouds† empahsizes on making the sky tangible whereas â€Å"Fresh-firecoal† denotes a paradox to enhance the colour of the chestnut that is falling off the tree and â€Å"fold, fallow† these descriptions of the landscape suggest the multiplicity of lands created by God. On the other hand, in â€Å"Ode to Autumn† the alliterations â€Å"winnowing wind†, â€Å"dying day† and â€Å"lambs loud† all of these are stressing upon the activities that take place in autumn. Thus, signifying that autumn is also lively and is not about the end of life rather it announces a new happy beginning that follows. Nonetheless, apart from a few stylistic contrasts, both poets share a common natural ground of ideas, that is , the love and intense adulation of nature. The imagery that these poets employ is far-fetched and typical of the Romantic school of thought. How to cite Comparison of Pride and Prejudice with Sense and Sensibility, Papers

International Business Machines and Dell Inc. Corporations

Table of Contents Introduction Research and development Net Income Earnings per share Conclusion Introduction International Business Machines  (IBM) and Dell Inc. are American multinational information technology corporations which deal with electronic goods and services laptops, software, and electronic accessories; changes in contemporary business environments have seen the companies enact different strategic management policies. This paper discusses changes on research and development expenditure, earning per share, and net income.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Machines and Dell Inc. Corporations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research and development IBM has consistently showed a decrease in the amount of expenses spent on research and development; the reason behind the move was that the company has concentrated more on consultancy services than developing new hardware and sof tware. When a business reduces its research budget marginally over a period of time, it means its taking advantage of the innovations and inventions it had made in the past. IBM has been a leader in the electronics world thus the decision to conduct minimal research with time can be interpolated as a move to first fully benefit from previous research and development programs or there are some reports that the company is working on. Dell showed increases from year 1 to 2, 2-3, and then from year 3-4 there was the most amount spent on the research and development; during this time, the world economic situation was not favorable for business (the world was suffering from global financial crisis). Other than the situation, there was high competition of other electronics companies like Apple Inc and Lenovo, Dell needed to beef-up its research and development programs to compete effectively. The increase in research and development expenditure is likely to be on marketing and products d evelopment. Net Income IBM shown continuous increase in its net income over the five years under review; the increase can be attributed to increased sales and high gross profit margin. The business strategy adopted by IBM is one that maintains current sales level and aims at increasing its sales steadily. On the other hand, the net income of Dell shown a decline overall with a big drop-off in year four but recovered in year 5; the decrease can also be traced in its sales revenue and gross profit margin. The probable fall of the company’s net profit can be attributed to high competition in the industry; its recovery in year five can be attributed to the results of its aggressive research and development strategies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Earnings per share IBM showed a 187% increase from year 1-5 in basic earnings per share and a 189% increase in diluted duri ng that same time; the performance can be attributed to its growth in profit over the period of time and net income available to common shareholders. The increase is an indication of good performance by the company where it has embarked on using owners funds other than borrowed ones. Dell on the other hand only showed a 118% increase in basic earnings per share and Diluted during that same period of time; the increase is steady but when compared with one recorded by IBM it is wanting. The company is likely to be suffering from financial deficits as use of preferred stocks seems to remain constant; when considering the fact that the company has had decreasing net incomes, the increase in EPS can be attributed to either decreased shareholding or decrease in dividends paid to preferred stocks holders. Conclusion Contemporary business environments have affected the information and technology companies differently; IBM management strategies has enabled the company grow it financial base stronger than Dell Inc. since 2007. This can be attributed to its responsive decisions made by the management from time to time. This essay on International Business Machines and Dell Inc. Corporations was written and submitted by user Libby Blake to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Halloween Essay to Impress Even Dead People

How to Write a Halloween Essay to Impress Even Dead People If you are going to write a Halloween essay, then you need the instruction which will help you start.   If you face difficulties, you can count on professional help from our company. Halloween is a unique festival. American children adore it because they feel free dress the way they like. In addition, people give them candies or fruit presents when kids say â€Å"trick-or-treat†. Almost every person in America even other countries in the world like Halloween because it is full of Haunted Houses, terrifying stories, parties, interesting traditions. Still, students don’t know what to write about how to make their story spooky worthy of A+. ORDER YOUR HALLOWEEN ESSAY Choose a good topic for your Halloween essay. Think of what your target audience would like to read about Halloween create a title. Compose the outline to bring your ideas on Halloween in order. Find catchy facts on Halloween. For example, find out why people wear scary costumes or why Halloween is the time of the dead. Your paper about Halloween is to be well-structured (an intro part, the body, conclusion) include the required number of pages words. Pay attention to other important details such as formatting, writing style, other issues which your college requires. Different Topics to Consider An essay on Halloween should dwell upon some striking or at least interesting topics. Here are some related topics which can help you describe one of the most popular holidays of the year. Things You Didn’t Know about the History of Halloween. Will People Celebrate Halloween in the 21nd century? The Best Ways to Have Fun on the 31st of October. The Great Tradition Unites Families: Carving a Pumpkin Designing It. Why Do Some People Consider Halloween Celebration to Be Immoral? Remember one - thing there shouldn’t be just presented some facts or statistics on Halloween, you are to show the analysis of the problem your personal point of view. These things play the main role in essay evaluation so get rid of all distractions and start working. Facts to Use When Writing the Academic Assignment on Halloween Essay writing about Halloween requires vivid catching facts. Research the topic, write down the most trustworthy sources (both web printed), be ready to analyze use them in your paper. Here are some sample facts to follow. Samhain was a Celtic holiday devoted to their God of death. Celts put on heads skin of animals, made a huge sacred fire, sacrificed animals to their God on the last day of October at night which also stood for their New Year’s Eve. They said goodbye to warm summer harvest met cold winter. There were also Druids who tried to predict the future. They believed that spirits could visit the Earth that night inhabit the body of some living being. Soon the Roman Empire occupied Celtic territories the traditions have changed greatly since then because of assimilation. Romans celebrated All Saints’ Day on the 1st of November. 2000 years have brought new customs. Today costumes of witches, ghosts, favorite TV book characters have replaced those made of animal skin heads. People carve jack-o'-lantern to drive the ghosts away from their houses organize huge parties. People in colonial New England seldom celebrated Halloween because their beliefs differed greatly. Today there are no Druids who can predict the future but females believe that they can divine their intended husband’s name using apple skin, mirrors, thread. The origin of â€Å"trick-or-treating† dates back to All Souls’ Day in England. People promised to pray for the relatives who had been already dead. They baked pastries which they called â€Å"soul cakes†, gave them to poor hungry persons. Today families buy sweets to please kids commemorate the dead. Try to avoid sources which express a personal point of view or sound unnaturally. It’s better to turn to valid reliable ones. Check what sources your college considers to be good what not. For instance, some tutors hate when students use Wikipedia ban this source. How to Start How to Finish Every essay has its introduction (the beginning), its body (the passage explains the thesis statement), its conclusion (the part which summarizes everything mentioned above). That’s really important to start finish the essay properly. As a rule, experts recommend using citations, proverbs, short stories, some wise words, anecdotes, or impressive facts/ statistics both at the beginning at the end of the writing assignment about Halloween. One more essential issue is the thesis statement which you should present in the introductory part. It must be informative brief. Connect all parts of your essay logically. Each sentence should support the main idea presented in the thesis statement. The introduction the conclusion are the shortest parts of the work the body is the biggest one. If you need to attach some files do that according to the college requirements. Use the appropriate format of pictures, diagrams, etc. Be sure that you know how to arrange the bibliography section, footnotes (if needed). Consider the Style of the Essay Dealing with essay writing on Halloween, it’s very important to pay attention to its style. There are four major styles: narrative, descriptive, expository, persuasive. Each style has its peculiarities. If you prefer the narrative one, then tell a story that happened in your or somebody’s life on Halloween. Make it vivid impressive. This style requires ‘I’ sentences letting the reader become the witness of the events. Choosing the expository style, you’d better present only evidence about Halloween. It’s the analysis of the topic, it doesn’t involve human feelings emotions. PROFESSIONAL ESSAY HELP Descriptive writing of a Halloween essay is about creating a true-to-life picture. It must make the reader smell, feel, see, hear, taste the things you describe. If you write a persuasive paper you should be ready to convince the reader that your point of view is the right one. Make it sound logical using facts, examples, statistics. Interview an expert present his or her words in the paper.

How to Make a Cloud in a Bottle

How to Make a Cloud in a Bottle In the real world, clouds form when warm, moist air is cooled and condenses into tiny water droplets, which collectively make up clouds. You can mimic this process (on a much smaller scale, of course!) by using everyday items found in your home or school. What Youll Need: A clear bottle, mason jar, or another see-through container with a lidA dark-colored piece of paperHot waterIceMatches Warning:  Due to the use of hot water, glass, and matches, young children are cautioned not to do this experiment without adult supervision. Getting Started First, rinse your glass to make sure it is clean. (Do not use soap and do not dry the inside.)Add hot water to the jar until it covers the bottom by 1 deep. Then swirl the water around so that it warms up the sides of the jar. (If you dont do this, condensation may immediately occur.) Youve just added one of the key ingredients for cloud formation: water.Take the lid, turn it upside-down (so that it acts as a small dish), and place several ice cubes in it. Place the lid on top of the jar. (After doing this, you may see some condensation, but notice theres no cloud yet.) The ice adds another ingredient needed for clouds to form: the cooling of warm, moist air. Carefully light a match and blow it out. Drop the smoking match into the jar and quickly replace the lid of ice. The smoke adds the final ingredient for cloud formation: condensation nuclei for the cooled water droplets to condense onto.Now look for wisps of cloud swirling inside! To see them better, hold up your dark colored pa per behind the jar. Congratulations, youve just made a cloud! After youve and named it, lift the lid and let it flow out so that you can touch it! Tips and Alternatives For younger children: If you prefer not to use matches, you can substitute air freshener spray in step # 4. Lift the lid of ice, spritz a small amount into the jar, then quickly replace the lid.Advanced: Use a bicycle pump to change the pressure and see even more clouds.  Going further: Try using other sizes of dust particles. Design an experiment to determine the best size of dust particles to use. You could also test different water temperatures. Now that youve learned some basic principles of how clouds form, its time to up your knowledge. Study these cloud photos to learn the ten basic types of clouds and what weather they forecast. Or explore what the many storm clouds look like and mean.         Updated by Tiffany Means

Case study draper Manufacturing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Draper Manufacturing - Case Study Example Additionally, the company does not enjoy financial stability and growth, but is facing some serious financial, economic and environmental challenges. On the economic front, the increase in the oil price passing the point of $60 per barrel negatively impacts over the cost of the company as the petroleum is a basic raw material component for mattress. Second, the Gulf hurricanes severely damage the TDI, the chemical consumed to develop polyurethane foam. In addition, the Draper manufacturing also faces some competitive challenges from the competitors. In the recent times, there has been growing tendency to import low priced Asian products, which bring more challenges for the company. Workforce diversity is going to be there, and it cannot be termed as a problem for the growth of the company. In conclusion, the Draper manufacturing faces business challenges rather workforce diversity

Development, impacts, implications of a contemporary political movment Essay

Development, impacts, implications of a contemporary political movment for change (Environmentalism) - Essay Example The beginnings of an environmental crisis which looms large over the world can perhaps be traced to the Industrial Revolution in Europe which led to natural resources being used, often indiscriminately, for the purpose of scientific progress (Reynolds, A Brief History of Environmentalism, n.dd). At a parallel level, European colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America were also subjected to much ecological damage for industrial growth. Though Henry David Thoreau pioneered environmentalist thinking in the USA, it was John Muir who laid the foundation of the Sierra Club in 1892 through which the government received ample financial aid for it to undertake wilderness conservation measures (Reynolds, n.d.). The emergence of environmental activists such as Wangari Mathai from Kenya shows that environmental concerns cannot be divorced from an engagement with the imbalances of power engendered by colonialism. In contemporary times ecocriticism has become an integral part of most academic disc iplines. It has been particularly influential in the field of postcolonial studies where scholars have found a close connection between the discursive and economic power wielded by the West and the environmental damage inflicted by Western nations upon the nations of the Third World. The first breakthrough in American environmentalism came with Rachel Carson’s work Silent Spring (1962) which spoke of the impact of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a commonly used pesticide on the environment. The work created immediate controversies and numerous American industrialists clamoured for its ban, accusing the author of baseless indictments. However, the work caused enough stir for President John F Kennedy to order a thorough investigation into its claims. The research revealed the hugely detrimental effect that DDT had not merely upon the physical environment but also on human health since it was commonly used as an agricultural pesticide. Following this the use of DDT was ba nned in the USA (Lear x-xi). This is an important episode in the history of environmentalism for it fortified American environmentalist movement besides proving the efficacy of protest movements led by seemingly politically disempowered individuals against multinational conglomerates. It is a sad fact that even today, several countries continue to use DDT and many such pesticides. These continue to affect the lives of millions of people and their health even today. The reasons for this can be traced to the lobbying power of the corporate firms that produce these pesticides and the lack of civic action on the part of the citizens of these nations. This can be remedied to an extent through the spread of awareness of environmental issues. In short, the issue of environmentalism needs to extend its reach to these nations in order for it to be an effective tool. In the 1970s began the era of international cooperation on the subject of ecological conservation, the manifestation of which w as the Earth Summits summoned by the United Nations. The first among these was held in Stockholm in 1972 and was titled â€Å"UN Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm† (â€Å"Earth Summit,† The United Nations Official Website n.p.). These forums of international debate and discussion have laid bare not merely the urgent need to incorporate the

Strategy vs Structure in Strategic Management

Strategy vs Structure in Strategic Management Strategic analysis: Strategy versus Structure for International Competitiveness Introduction The strategy structure relationship, that was previously considered reciprocal, is now recognized as being considerably more complex, and there is some agreement that structure can and does have a profound impact on strategy through its direct effect on the strategic decision making process (Bourgeois Astley, 1979; Burgelman, 1983; Fredrickson, 1986). In understanding the role of strategy and structure in international business, one must understand that what has essentially changed is the context within which business operations take place. The well developed and complex associations between structure and strategy in classical studies of firms are also central to research in international business, but the nature of business has changed, and so have the relationships. As such, issues have arisen over the best way for international firms, operating in global marketplaces, to best align their strategy and structure to serve numerous distinct markets, whilst maintaining a global identi ty. This paper looks at the development of business strategy and structure over time, highlighting how the relationships have changed, the implications for organisational behaviour, and how firms can alter their behaviour to best gain competitive advantage in international markets. International Strategies Business strategy refers to how firms compete in an industry or market (Varadarajan and Clark 1994; Walker and Ruekert 1987). The two historically dominant frameworks of business strategy are the Miles and Snow (1978) model, which focuses on intended rate of product-market change, and the Porter (1980) model, which focuses on customers and competitors. Miles and Snow (1978) developed a comprehensive framework that addresses the alternative ways that organisations define and approach their product-market domains and construct structures and processes to achieve competitive advantage in those domains. Miles and Snow identify four archetypes of how firms address these issues: â€Å"prospectors† continuously attempt to locate and exploit new product and market opportunities, â€Å"defenders† attempt to seal off a portion of the total market to create a stable set of products and customers, â€Å"analyzers† occupy an intermediate position by cautiously following prosp ectors into new product-market domains while protecting a stable set of products and customers, and â€Å"reactors† do not have a consistent response to the entrepreneurial problem. In contrast, Porter (1980) proposes that business strategy should be viewed as a product of how the firm creates customer value compared with its competitors, and how it defines its scope of market coverage. Walker and Ruekert (1987) observed that though each of these strategy typologies has inherent strengths, i.e., Porters external focus and Miles and Snows internal focus, each is also limited. To address this, Walker and Ruekert proposed a hybrid model that synthesizes the two foci in a typology that consists of prospectors, low-cost defenders, and differentiated defenders. However, although Walker and Ruekert’s article has been frequently cited in the marketing and management literature, the distinctions between low-cost defenders and differentiated defenders have only recently been supported in empirical analysis (Slater and Olson, 2001). Following on from these initial developments, over the last few years researchers have quite successfully addressed and explicated the various forms of international strategy, and these forms are generally well accepted in the literature. There is now considerable agreement among international business scholars that most firms embarking upon or undertaking international business operations are cognizant of the twin pressures of global integration and local responsiveness. To this end, the integration-responsiveness framework suggested by Prahalad and Doz (1987) has provided a valuable theoretical tool to better understand international strategic behaviours of firms. More recently, we have seen many successful applications of globally integrated strategies (Parente, 2003; Parente Kotabe, 2003). According to Yip (2003), global companies have developed more sophisticated and flexible versions of international strategies and organisational processes, which successfully embraced globaliz ation. Organisational Structures Organisational structure refers to an organisation’s internal pattern of relationships (Finley, 2000). Structure has been characterized by a number of dimensions and illustrated by using a variety of types, like functional or divisional (Fredrickson 1986), however, there are three dimensions of structure: centralization, formalization, and complexity, which have received more attention than any others (Fry, 1982; Fry Slocum, 1984). Each of these dimensions appears to have great implications for strategy and strategic decision making, and are dominant characteristics of the well known structural types (Fredrickson, 1986). Centralization refers to the degree to which the right to make decisions and evaluate activities is concentrated (Fry Slocum, 1984; Hall, 1977). A high level of centralization is the most obvious way to control and coordinate organisation decision making, but places significant cognitive demands on those managers who retain authority (Fredrickson, 1986). Min tzberg (1979) has discussed this issue by suggesting that an individual does not have the cognitive capacity or information that is needed to understand all the decisions that face a complex organisation. The degree of formalization specifies the extent to which an organisation uses rules and procedures to prescribe behaviour (Hage Aiken, 1969; Hall, 1977). Therefore, formalization has significant consequences for organisational members because it specifies how, where, and by whom tasks are to be performed (Fredrickson, 1986). A high level of formalization has the benefit of eliminating role ambiguity, but it also limits members’ decision making discretion. Complexity refers to the condition of being composed of many, usually, though not necessarily, interrelated parts. Hall (1977) suggests that there are three sources of complexity: horizontal and vertical differentiation, and spatial dispersion. Therefore, an organisation that simultaneously has numerous levels, broad spans of control, and multiple geographic locations would be considered as highly complex (Fredrickson, 1986). The Interaction Between Strategy and Structure Whilst strategy and structure have been studied in isolation for a great many years, and are now relatively well understood, what is less understood is the international role of organisational structure and its relationship with international strategy (Finley, 2000). International strategies are the forms and types of actions firms follow to fulfil their long term business objectives. Organisations involved in international business activities usually have two major forces impinging on them. One is the need to standardise products on a global basis, and the other is to respond to local country or local market demands. International strategies may be characterized in different ways, and the integration-responsiveness framework developed by Prahalad and Doz (1987) has extended the conceptualization of industry pressures to incorporate generic strategic responses. The framework suggests that organisations develop their strategies and structures based on the emphasis they place on either one or both forces. At the most basic level, organisational structures are established to coordinate work that has been divided into smaller tasks. Mintzberg (1981, p. 104) noted, â€Å"How that coordination is achievedby whom and with whatdictates what the organisation will look like.† Walker and Ruekert (1987) further hypothesized that firms that follow different generic business strategies adopt different structural designs. Vorhies and Morgan (2003) studied the relationships among marketing organisation structure, business strategy, and performance in the trucking industry. Both of these studies demonstrated that different marketing organisation characteristics are more or less appropriate for different business strategies. The forms of structures typically defined by formalization, centralization, and specialization, which as Walker and Ruekert (1987 p. 27) noted â€Å"seem particularly important in shaping an organisation’s or departments performance†, are also applicable in d ifferent ways to different strategies and geographic factors. For example, in studying the development of America’s dominant industrial organisations, Chandler (1962) observed that major increases in unit volume, geographic dispersion, and vertical and horizontal integration were eventually followed by changes in structural form. Several studies following Chandler’s work confirmed an association between these two variables, in that structure generally followed strategy (Fouraker Stopford, 1968; Rumelt, 1974). In spite of the wide spread acceptance of the structure follows strategy relationship, there is a significant body of literature that suggests that structure has a significant and major effect on strategy (Fredrickson, 1986). Bower, for example, characterized structure broadly as the context within which decisions are made, and observed that â€Å"structure may motivate or impede strategic activity† (1970, p. 67). This view is also supported by other researchers who contend that structure constrains, or in another set of circumstances, enables, strategic choice (Bobbitt Ford, 1980; Duncan, 1979; Hedberg, Nystrom Starbuck, 1976). To understand why it is logical for strategic action to be affected by structure, one must understand the relationship between decision making and structure (Fredrickson, 1986). March and Simon (1958) addressed this critical aspect of the relationship by suggesting that an organisation’s structure imposes boundaries of rationality that accommodate members’ cognitive limitations. By delimiting responsibilities and communication channels, structure allows organisations to achieve organisationally rational outcomes despite their cognitive limitations (Simon, 1976). Structure also allows management to control the decision making environment and facilitate the processing of information (Fredrickson, 1986). The structure-strategy relationship is well explained by Bower when he states that â€Å"when management chooses a particular organisational form, it is providing not only a framework for current operations but also the channels along which strategic information will flow † (1970, p. 287). As a result, the relationships between business strategy and organisational structure become massively complex when considered in the international context, and thus require organisations to strategically examine their fundamental behaviours in order to best align their strategy and structure, without becoming lost in the complexity. Strategic Organisational Behaviour Organisational behaviour refers to organisational members’ work-related activities (Ouchi 1977; Robbins 2002) and, according to Snell (1992), management attempts to influence organisational behaviour through the use of control systems. Control is any process that helps align employees actions with the firm’s interests (Snell 1992; Tannenbaum 1968). Control theory (Snell 1992) identifies three major categories of control mechanisms: behavioural control (e.g., establishing and monitoring of sets of actions), output control (e.g., goal attainment measures), and input control (e.g., training). When applied within an organisational context, control theory posits that management attempts to direct employee behaviour to enhance the probability of desired outcomes. As Snell notes (p. 292), â€Å"Advocates of the behavioural perspective posit that different strategies require different behaviours.† Snell also notes that this view of the link between strategy and behaviour is useful because it provides a clear explanation of why behaviour should be linked to strategy and because it posits a testable set of behaviours. As a result, strategic behaviours have the potential to create superior performance through enhancing the execution of business strategy and identifying the relevant organisational structure (Slater and Narver 1995). There are four behaviours which are all claimed to offer potential competitive advantage to firms. These are customer-oriented behaviours (Deshpandà ©, Farley, and Webster 1993), competitor-oriented behaviours (Armstrong and Collopy 1996), innovation-oriented behaviours (Hurley and Hult 1998), and internal/cost-oriented behaviours (Porter 1980). It is important to understand that these strategic behaviours are not mutually exclusive and that it is common for firms to engage in multiple sets of behaviours simultaneously (Slater and Narver 1995). Furthermore, different combinations of emphases will likely prove more or less beneficial for firms that adopt different business strategies. Customer-Oriented Behaviours Firms with a strong customer orientation pursue competitive advantage by placing the highest priority on the creation and maintenance of customer value. As such, these firms engage in the organisation wide development of and responsiveness to information about the expressed and unexpressed needs of both current and potential customers (Deshpandà ©, Farley, and Webster 1993). Because of the constantly refined market-sensing and customer-relating capabilities of the customer-oriented firm, it should develop strategies and a structure to anticipate customer need evolution and to respond through the development of new customer value-focused capabilities and the addition of valuable products and services (Day 1994). Competitor-Oriented Behaviours A different perspective on competitive advantage is simply to beat the competition (Day 1994). This orientation places a priority on the in-depth assessment of a set of targeted competitors, focusing on targeted competitors goals, strategies, offerings, resources, and capabilities (Porter 1980) and on the organisation wide dissemination of the information generated from this assessment. The result is that managers develop competitor-oriented objectives rather than economic or customer-oriented objectives (Armstrong and Collopy 1996). The behavioural goal of the firm is to match, if not exceed, competitors strengths, both in strategy and structure. Innovation-Oriented Behaviours Another perspective is that firms build and renew competitive advantage through radical or discontinuous innovations. An innovation orientation indicates that the firm not only is open to new ideas but also proactively pursues these ideas (Hurley and Hult 1998) in both its technical and administrative domains An innovation orientation encourages risk taking and enhances the likelihood of developing radically new products. March (1991) argues that firms must be aware of the possibility that an innovation orientation may not allow for the follow-through that is necessary to reap the benefits of earlier innovations fully, unless their strategy and structure are aligned with both the generation and utilisation of innovation. Internal/Cost-Oriented Behaviours Porter (1980) argues that there are two basic sources of competitive advantage. The first is the differentiation advantage that a firm derives from the customer-, competitor-, or innovation-oriented behaviours. The second is the cost advantage that a firm derives from internal orientation and structure, with internally oriented firms pursuing efficiency in all parts of their value chain (Porter 1985). They attempt to reduce costs in primary activities, such as logistics, operations, and sales and marketing, and also attempt to reduce costs in support activities, such as procurement, research and development, and administrative functions. These firms pursue operational excellence, through their strategy and structure, that they can translate into higher sales through lower prices or higher margins. Whereas experimentation is the hallmark of firms with an innovation orientation, exploitation is the hallmark of internally oriented firms (March 1991). Conclusion International business has produced some incredibly competitive and complicated markets, with numerous potential problems for organisations, but also numerous opportunities for firms that can best adapt to their marketplace. However, such is the level of complexity in these markets, that firms who try to engineer specific, rigid strategies and structures will likely find themselves left behind by the latest shift in the market or technology. As a result, firms competing in international markets would be best advised to focus on the organisational behaviour, or behaviours, that best match their capabilities, and let these behaviours drive their strategy and structure to provide the most sustainable competitive advantage possible. Unfortunately, there is currently a paucity of available academic evidence on the most relevant behaviours for firms to best secure competitive advantage under the myriad market conditions, and this should be a key area for future research, as it may soon bec ome a strategic issue of significant importance. Equally, organisational behaviour as a field of study is vastly complex, with ongoing debates between theorists around organistic versus mechanistic structures, the role of teams, and the best styles of leadership needed in an organisation. In particular, organisational behaviour tends to suggest that organistic structures will be required in uncertain, rapidly changing markets, however mechanistic structures will be required in markets where the pace of technological developments is slower (Burns and Stalker, 1961). Thus, more research is needed into the consequences of an organisation in a relatively fast moving market making strategic organisational behaviour choices which would be better facilitated by a more hierarchical, mechanistic structure. Similar research would be recommended into the roles of leaders, and teams within organisations, in implementing and driving these behaviours forward. However, regardless of the need for further research, it is clear that firms can no longer merely define a strategy, focus strongly on it, and expect their strategic focus to guarantee success. Likewise, in the international business world, firms should no longer focus on having a well defined structure, regardless of whether it is organistic or mechanistic. Instead, a key recommendation of the strategic organisational behaviour approach is that firms should concentrate on best aligning themselves to the most appropriate behaviour for their industry. In manufacturing, this is likely to be more internal, or cost oriented, in technology it will tend to be primarily innovation oriented and in professional services a strong customer, or client, orientation would be best. However, it is vital that firms do not neglect the other behaviours: those that are not their primary focus, as these remain important, and can help maintain a balance approach to strategy and structure, offering sustained competitive advantage in international markets. References Armstrong, J. S. and Collopy, F. 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Impressionistic Painting and Music Essay

Looking at the painting of the great Impressionist painter Claude Monet entitled Impression: Soleil Levant and listening to Claude Debussy’s Claire De Lune produces a potent mixture of tranquillity of the senses. This is because the eyes see a very relaxing image in Monet’s Impressions Soleil Levant; while the ears find a very relaxing tune while listening to Claire De Lune. Both works of art possess certain characteristics that made both of them an ideal tool for making the person feel relaxed, tranquil and steady. For Monet, this is found in his style, as well as his use of color. Monet was not afraid to mix warm colors (like red, yellow and hues of orange-red) with cool colors (particularly blue and shades of white) (Web Museum, 2006). What makes it all the more relaxing as an image as a whole is the fact that the combination of these colors created an image combining land, sea and sky. The image of a tranquil and peaceful sea with very little moving ways detected by the eye only through the reflection of the light in it is often a very relaxing image. The colors used to create the image improved the feeling. Debussy, for his part, utilized the power of slow tempo and the use of a solo piano in effectively evoking the hearts of the listener via his melodic (even dramatic) piece Clair De Lune (Last. fm, 2009). The shared similarities of the two may include the presence of something constant that do not break away from a pattern: Debussy played Claire De Lune in a consistent tempo, never going any faster or any slower in any time during the piece. If there were any noticeable breaks from patterns, it was not a break in tempo or speed of the musical piece as it was being played. In this piece it is noticeable how Debussy often resorted to using pauses in between the playing of the slow tempo and the slow rhythm of the music; while the image made by Monet creates an image of a still water; the boat seemed to lay still somewhere in the middle; while everything else – the sky, the waters, the land in the background, all seemed unmoving, as if frozen in time or captured by a moment of peace and stillness of the soul. Debussy’s and Monet’s work are also similar in the sense that they are neither happy nor sad. Some paintings, as well as musical pieces, instantly evoke extreme or polar emotions which the artist/composer might be looking for as effect or result, either displaying happiness or sadness. But in Impressions: Soleil Levant and Claire De Lune, the feeling is somewhere between happiness and sadness. Another similarity is the absence of textual cues to guide the audience/viewer/listener regarding what he or she should feel upon being exposed to the works of art. In Monet’s work, there are no images or no parts of the painting that indicate anything. There are no aspects that contain text which may trigger emotions that the painter may or may have not consciously placed in the painting. It is no secret that some paintings use textual components to assist the viewer/audience in reaching the specific emotion or reaction towards the work of art. But it is not present in Monet’s work, giving the audience a freer hand with regards to reacting without the intrusion of visual textual cues. This is the same case for Claire De Lune. While most (if not all) of the classical music pieces are focused mainly on featuring sounds coming from one or several musical instruments, still, the absence of accompanying lyrics or voice over to the musical piece allows the audience to react to the music on his/her own, in a personal way and not influenced by text or words heard during while listening to the musical piece. An abrasive, scandalous or powerful word found in Monet’s work and a scream, shrill, or powerful utterances of vocal sounds placed inside Claire De Lune, no doubt, has the power to alter the impression that it can make compared to its original state. The beauty of these two works of art is that both relies purely on letting the audience be affected in his or her own personal way through the use of the basics of their own forms: color and image for Monet’s Impressions: Soleil Levant; and the a solo piano performance and pure musical instrument audio for Claire De Lune of Claude Debussy.